الگ کئيے گئے 'Right to information' کے حساب سے جس ميں 277 مضامين شامل ہيں

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Turkey (5)
Twitter (2)
United Kingdom (4)
United States (5)
Violence (11)
Whistleblowing (1)
Wikileaks (1)
Wikipedia (1)

			
					Solving the political ad problem with transparency
				
Customised news undermines democratic debate, argues Seth Copen Goldstein

					Data visualisations: why facts don’t speak for themselves
				
William Allen calls for a robust debate of how data are presented.

					Truth cannot be expelled: free speech under attack in Turkey
				
Timothy Garton Ash, in a lecture at Boğaziçi University, entitled Free Speech Under Attack, explains why the media is essential for a functioning deliberative democracy. He argues that populism and the projection of dominant voices through the media is a significant threat to free speech in Turkey and around the globe.

					Wikipedia at 15: The sum of human knowledge?
				
Martin Poulter, Wikimedian in residence at Oxford University, considers the active encyclopedia’s first 15 years.

					Hyperreality beats free speech in Turkey
				
Kerem Öktem describes the dramatic deterioration of Turkey’s media landscape after the attempted coup of July 2016.

					From another spectrum: the net neutrality debate in India
				
Nikhil Pandhi discusses the debate about net neutrality in India.

					A Turkish newspaper is shut down, condolences accepted
				
Ezgi Basaran cries out at the forced end of Radikal, the Turkish newspaper she used to edit.

					Kisha clubs in Japan: an impregnable fortress of information
				
Kimiko Kuga examines the institution of the kisha club and their role in controlling information in Japan.

					John Naughton: Are private superpowers a threat to free speech?
				
John Naughton discusses the state of the internet, net neutrality and private companies.

					Peter Pomerantsev: How important is television to free speech in Russia?
				
Peter Pomerantsev speaks to Declan Johnston about free speech in Russia and the role of Russian television. 

					Has Demotix democratised journalism?
				
Demotix founder Turi Munthe discusses the role of citizen journalism and Demotix in today’s media environment.

					How and why Hong Kong’s press downplayed the ‘umbrella movement’ of 2014
				
Rebecca Wong describes the combined pressures of Chinese political power and the interests of media proprietors.

					What is it like to be a satirical cartoonist in Malaysia?
				
Malaysian cartoonist Zunar talks about what it means to be a satirical cartoonist in Malaysia.

					How the British press  distorted reporting of… the British press
				
Martin Moore, of the Media Standards Trust, summarises an analysis of British press coverage of proposed new press regulation.

					Google grapples with the ‘right to be forgotten’
				
Katie Engelhart attends the public hearing of Google’s Advisory Council, set up in response to a European Court of Justice judgement.

					Privacy: Sample our intellectual buffet. Or make your own meal.
				
Timothy Garton Ash introduces a sample tour of the content on our site

					EU versus intellectual freedom?
				
In a bid to synchronise hate crimes, the EU is seeking unity amongst members states against the denial of historical injustices. Is this the EU versus member states’ appreciation of intellectual freedom? Luigi Cajani explains.

					The world through the eyes of Russian state television
				
Robert Coalson looks at how Russian television depicts everything from the crisis in Ukraine to the war in Syria.

					Hong Kong: two systems, one country?
				
Samson Yuen and Kitty Ho argue that the stabbing of a former Hong Kong news editor is a symptom of a broader squeeze on the city’s freedoms.

					The way Xi moves: free speech under assault in China
				
Shi Yige examines different approaches to censorship in China, and argues that while internet controls might avail the leadership in the short term, they are unsustainable.

					Our draft principles and introduction in Catalan
				
Our draft principles, and Timothy Garton Ash’s personal introduction, have been translated into Catalan.

					From incitement to self-censorship: the media in the Kenyan elections of 2007 and 2013
				
Katherine Bruce-Lockhart looks at the media’s role in two Kenyan elections and argues that peace and critical media coverage should not be mutually exclusive. 

					Pressing for press accountability in Britain
				
Jonathan Heawood on ten reasons why independent self-regulation is good for free speech – and how his new initiative, IMPRESS, proposes to go about it. 

					Opt-in for porn? Then why not for religion?
				
Leslie Green, a distinguished legal philosopher who has written extensively about issues of obscenity and pornography, challenges our case study on online porn filters.

					Using the rhetoric of press freedom to thwart free speech
				
Martin Moore, director of the Media Standards Trust, argues that the British press has denied the British public a proper debate on press regulation. 

					What does George Orwell mean to people in Burma?
				
At  the 2013 Irrawaddy Literary Festival, Burmese writers including Pascal Khoo Thwe and blogpoet Pandora talk about George Orwell in the country where he was once an imperial policeman.

					Thou shall not leak: Thomas Fingar on why leaking classified information is unnecessary and dangerous
				
Thomas Fingar, 2013 winner of the Sam Adams Awards for Integrity in Intelligence, argues that leaking classified information from within the intelligence services is unnecessary and dangerous.

					Is Facebook just the new chamber of commerce and Twitter the new telegraph?
				
Political theorist Rob Reich discusses what adaptations we need as freedom of speech and association move increasingly from the offline to the online world. Can the old principles still apply in new circumstances?

					Vladimi Pozner: Why Russia does not have a concept of free speech
				
Famous Russian journalist Vladimir Pozner says he thinks Russia really has no concept of free speech. Oh, but there’s one place where you do have complete freedom of expression.

					Can a law-abiding liberal democracy be Big Brother?
				
Jeff Howard explores the legal basis on which the US is collecting vast amounts of data on foreign and US citizens, despite the Fourth Amendment.

					In defence of whistleblowing
				
Former CIA analyst Ray McGovern has been an outspoken defender of whistleblowers and alternative media sources.

					A whistleblower’s argument
				
Edward Snowden was not the first NSA official to sound the alarm. Thomas Drake, winner of the Sam Adams Award for Integrity in Intelligence, makes his case to Free Speech Debate.

					کیا ہندوستان کو بھی اپنے لیویسن کی ضرورت ہے؟
				
ہندوستان میں بھی میڈیا ریگولیشن پر ایک زبردست بحث چل رہی ہے. آرگھیا سینگپتا کہ ناکام سیلف ریگولیشن سے قانونی ریگولیشن تک کے اقدام پر ١٩٧٠ کی ایمرجنسی کے اثرات پر روشنی ڈالتے ہیں.

					A right to privacy? Not at the expense of free speech!
				
Our user imos.org.uk argues with one of our draft principles challenging the idea that privacy is a condition for free speech.

					The Copyright Alert System: coming to a home near you?
				
The question of how best to respond to the unauthorised dissemination of copyright-protected expression over the internet has long troubled copyright owners. But the proposed solution of a Copyright Alert could potentially erode free speech, writes Graham Reynolds. 

					Freedom for history? The case against memory laws
				
Josie Appleton talks to Pierre Nora and Olivier Salvatori of the Liberté pour l’Histoire initiative in France.

					Who should guard the Guardian?
				
Alan Rusbridger, editor-in-chief of the Guardian, argues that Britain needs both a free press and reform of its failed regulatory system. Since this will require both time and openness, a new independent press regulator should therefore be given a year’s trial run.

					Mustn’t ask, mustn’t tell
				
Data protection laws now touch everyone’s lives and those living within the EU are about to have their regulations updated, writes David Erdos. These proposed laws are overly restrictive: the time has come to take a stand for those working in research.

					Is Myanmar sliding back into censorship?
				
For all its talk of press freedom, the Burmese government has produced a surprise new bill containing oppressive provisions and undermining the press council it created. Ellen Wiles reports.

					Scholarly publication in (slow) transition to open access
				
Academic ‘open access’ journals make articles freely available and the dissemination of knowledge and citation easier. However, the pace of change is slow, writes Cristobal Cobo.

					“If you rattle a snake…” The Kenyan government bites its media
				
 In 2006 the Kenyan police violently raided the offices and printing press of the Standard Group media organisation. What was the government afraid of seeing reported? Dominic Burbidge explores a revealing case.

					Is the ‘hands-off’ internet different to internet freedom?
				
At the invitation of Index of Censorship and the Editors Guild of India, Timothy Garton Ash joins Kirsty Hughes at a panel discussion in Delhi with Shri Ajit Balakrishnan, Shri Sunil Abraham and Ramajit Singh Chima. 

					“Speakers’ Corner” What should it mean today?
				
Peter Bradley describes a British initiative promoting free expression, public debate and active citizenship.

					The Southern Weekly affair: No closer to the Chinese dream?
				
2013 began dramatically in China with a standoff between journalists and state propaganda authorities over a drastically rewritten New Year editorial.  Timothy Garton Ash introduces English translations of the original and finally published versions.

					Open access academic journals: go for gold?
				
The world of academic publishing stands at a crossroads with public institutions demanding open access to publicly funded research. Dominic Burbidge explores the difficulties that stand in the way.

					A right to lie about government?
				
In the landmark case of New York Times v Sullivan, in 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that criticism of public officials must be protected, even if some of the claims were inaccurate. Jeff Howard explains.

					The crumbling fourth pillar
				
The Indian media is in danger of losing its moral compass to the pressures of the new capitalism. It may be a time for a boycott in order to stop the rot, argues Manav Bhushan.

					William Dalrymple: Why Salman Rushdie was forced to cancel his visit to the Jaipur Literature Festival
				
The historian and writer explains the reasoning behind author Salman Rushdie’s no-show at the 2012 Jaipur Literary Festival.

					Is self-regulation of the media in India sufficient?
				
In a panel John Lloyd, T.R. Andhyarujina, Harish Salve and Daya Thussu discussed whether self-regulation can continue to remain a viable way forward for the Indian media.

					Tarun Tejpal: How has investigative journalism in India changed in the last 20 years?
				
Indian journalist and writer Tarun Tejpal speaks about development and corruption in India, and the role of investigative journalism.

					Arundhati Roy on national security & the Indian media
				
The award-winning Indian novelist and activist speaks to Manav Bhushan about the limits to free speech in India, including government censorship through the media and "goon squads”.

					Ayreh Neier: Why free speech is important in averting atrocities
				
Aryeh Neier, human rights lawyer and president emeritus of the Open Society Foundations speaks about the future of free speech.

					A sticky WCIT and the battle for control of the internet
				
At the World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT), authoritarian governments staked worrying claims. But the US-dominated model of non-governmental internet governance brings its own problems, writes Alison Powell. Beware of the Clinton Paradox. 

					Brazil’s online crossroads between authoritarianism and democracy
				
Despite Brazil’s democratic accomplishments, laws used to regulate websites date from the 1960s, giving arbitrary power to the state. A proposed ‘Marco Civil da Internet’ has the capacity to change this, writes Marcos Todeschini.

					Free but not able?
				
Literacy is the fundamental building block for any society of free speech, evidenced not just in grand statistics but in the lives of those most in need. Dominic Burbidge reports.

					Cookies
				
Our web developer, Simon Dickson, explains the cookies in FSD’s kitchen.

					Former British agent, Annie Machon: What is the case for whistleblowing?
				
Former British MI5 agent Annie Machon revealed,  together with David Shayler,  alleged criminal behaviour within the agency. In an interview with Sebastian Huempfer she speaks about the need for official channels through which whistleblowers can voice their concerns.

					“You are the problem, not the solution”
				
We regularly highlight comments that have made an impression on us. Today’s comment comes from our user Howard Hill who is challenging the validity of the idea of the project. 

					What is it like to be charged with libel for cybercrime in the Philippines?
				
Filippino journalist Marites Vitug speaks about her experience being charged with libel for her investigative journalism, freedom of the press in the Philippines and the new cybercrime law.

					How Ushahidi maps the voices of those in need
				
Dominic Burbidge discusses how Ushahidi’s transformative crowdsourcing techniques have alleviated crises in Kenya and beyond. 

					کیا گوگل کا الگورتھم کسی سیاستدان کی بیوی کو بدنام کر سکتا ہے؟
				
سابقہ جرمن صدر کی اہلیہ ‘بیٹنہ ولف’ کا نام اگر گوگل میں ٹائپ کیا جاۓ تو آٹو کمپلیٹ آپشن اس کے آگے ‘ایسکورٹ (طوائف)’ لگا دیتا ہے. کیا الگورتھم کی طرف سے یہ اضافہ بدنامی کا ایک طریقہ ہے؟ سباسچین ہمپفر اس کیس پر روشنی ڈالتے ہیں.

					Ahmed Mansoor on blogging his way into a UAE prison
				
One of the United Arab Emirate’s most prominent human rights activists, Ahmed Mansoor was imprisoned in 2011 for criticising the country’s leadership. Here he discusses the death threats, defamation campaigns and physical attacks he continues to face for speaking his mind. 

					برطانیہ میں لیف لیٹ بانٹنے کے لئے لائسنس کا مطلب آزادیوں کا کھونا ہے
				
جوزی ایپلٹن یہ بتاتی ہیں کہ ٢٠٠٥ میں لاگو ہونے والا قانون جو مقامی کونسل کو پبلک میں لیف لیٹ بانٹنے کو محدود کرنے کا اختیار دیتا ہے کس طرح برطانیہ میں آزادئ اظہار راۓ اور کمیونٹی کی زندگی پر اثر انداز ہوتا ہے.

					A university of less-than-liberal arts?
				
Should Yale University refuse to operate in Singapore where human rights and free expression face significant restrictions? Katie Engelhart weighs the arguments for and against.

					چین میں یاہو، آزادی اظہار راۓ اور حق گمشدگی
				
سال ٢٠٠ میں یاہو کی دی ہوئی نجی معلومات استمعال کرتے ہوئے چینی حکام نے وانگ زیاؤننگ کو دس سال کے لئے جیل بھیج دیا. جڈتھ بروہن اخلاقی توقعات اور قوانین ے درمیان تضاد پر روشنی ڈال رہی ہیں.

					Zambia’s secret freedom of information bill
				
If a decade of stalled attempts to enact Zambia’s Freedom of Information bill seems comical, there is underlying tragedy in how politicians have fallen short of their free speech rhetoric, writes Dominic Burbidge. 

					عرب دنیا کو کمیونٹی ریڈیو کی ضرورت کیوں ہے
				
گرچے سوشل میڈیا اورسیٹلائیٹ ٹیلی وثن نے عرب ممالک میں احتجاج کے دوران ایک کلیدی کردار ادا کیا ہے داؤد کتاب کہتے ہیں کہ خطے میں کسی بھی قسم کی مثبت تبدیلی کے لئے کمیونٹی ریڈیو قائم کرنا بہت ضروری ہے.

					Eli Dourado: Why is anonymity important in ensuring transparency in international telecommunications?
				
The WCITLeaks.org co-founder discusses how anonymous uploads to his website are shedding light on the upcoming World Conference on International Telecommunications.

					ہندوستان میں نصابی کتابوں کا کارٹون افیئر
				
مئی ٢٠١٢ میں ہندوستان کی پارلیمنٹ نے سکولوں کی نصابی کتابوں کی ایک ایسی کھیپ کو ہٹا لیا جن میں ایک ایسا سیاسی کارٹون موجود تھا جس کو کئی ایم پیوں نے بے عزتی کا باعث سمجھا. انٹون دے بیٹس اس بارے میں بات کرتے ہیں کے کیا عزت، حقوق اور عام اخلاقیات کو تعلیمی سلسلے میں آزادی اظہار راۓ پر فوقیت حاصل ہونی چاہیئے؟

					How ‘brown envelope journalism’ holds back sub-Saharan Africa
				
Dominic Burbidge explores the corrupt links between political elites and mainstream media that suffocate genuine democratic debate in Africa.

					Evgeny Morozov: What is the dark side of internet freedom?
				
Author Evgeny Morozov highlights the dangers that sometimes emerge when governments and corporations harness the internet to serve their own objectives. 

					Haiyan Wang: What is it like being an investigative journalist in China?
				
Former investigative journalist Haiyan Wang describes the ways in which Chinese reporters push the boundaries of press freedom. Interview by Judith Bruhn.

					The Japanese New History Textbook controversy
				
A history textbook underplaying Japanese imperialism caused controversy domestically and internationally, write Ayako Komine and Naoko Hosokawa.

					The importance of Braille literacy
				
In 2010, the Canadian National Institute for the Blind almost closed its library because of funding issues. Yet some argue that those who can’t read Braille are akin to illiterates, writes Katie Engelhart.

					How open access to scientific journals can help the developing world
				
Open access publishing models are having a significant impact on the dissemination on scientific information but their impact on the developing world is uncertain, writes Jorge L Contreras.

					China’s human flesh search engines
				
While China’s human flesh search engines can help reveal government corruption they can also be used to humiliate ordinary citizens, writes Judith Bruhn.

					France’s Armenian genocide law
				
In January 2012, the French Senate approved a law criminalising the denial of any genocide recognised by the state, writes Clementine de Montjoye.

					Storyful: verifying citizen journalism
				
Malachy Browne, news editor at Storyful, explains how the social media news agency validates news content sourced from the real-time web. 

					Improving media ethics in Turkey
				
A grassroots organisation set up by journalists attempts to create positive change in Turkish media, writes Yonca Poyraz Doğan, a correspondent at Today’s Zaman.

					ایک غیر منصفانہ دنیا میں آزادی اظہار راۓ کی جدوجہد
				
جیف ہاورڈ لکھتے ہیں کہ وہ معاشرہ جہاں آزادئِ اظہارِ راۓ کمزور کو اختیار دینے کے بجاے تفریق کا باعث ہو – ایسا معاشرہ نہیں جہاں عالمی آزادئِ اظہارِ راۓ کے اخلاقی نقطہ نظر کو حقیقتاً پا لیا گیا ہے. 

					The knowledge commons: research and innovation in an unequal world
				
To mark the launch of the St Antony’s International Review, a panel of experts discuss Ushahidi technology, academic journals in Latin America and the geographies of the world’s knowledge. 

					Is it time for a global conversation on free speech?
				
A panel of experts joins FSD Director Timothy Garton Ash at London’s Frontline Club to discuss some of the world’s most pressing free speech issues.

					Ukraine: a raiders’ state
				
Ukrainian cultural journals have become the target of "raiders” – shady groups working on behalf of powerful interests who use bogus property claims to close down businesses, says Mykola Riabchuk.

					A day in the life of a climate scientist
				
A senior advisor to German Chancellor Angela Merkel says it is only a matter of time before a climate scientist is killed, writes Maryam Omidi.

					Judge grills mogul: the uses of transparency
				
The public nature of the Leveson Inquiry into the phone-hacking scandal has been exemplary, writes Timothy Garton Ash.

					Did Tamiflu work? How can we know if we can’t find out?
				
Medical science frequently favours commercial interests over free speech, writes Deborah Cohen of the BMJ.

					Landmark libel bill falls short of expectations
				
The new defamation bill fails to address some of the most important issues, including restrictions on the ability of corporations to sue for libel, writes Jonathan Heawood, director of English PEN.

					Richard Sambrook: What does the BBC mean by impartiality?
				
The former director of BBC Global News explains what  Britain’s historic public service broadcaster means by ‘impartiality’ – and why it has not always achieved it.

					The tension between data protection and freedom of expression
				
EU member states should reform the data protection framework to address the realities of life in the Web 2.0 age, writes David Erdos

					The vital presence of the past
				
History is a sensitive issue in China with some of it desperately remembered and some, deliberately forgotten, writes Judith Bruhn.

					Open government in Chongqing?
				
Environmental information is tightly controlled in China despite the existence of access to information regulations, writes Sam Geall.

					Media ethics & the Anders Behring Breivik trial
				
Killer Anders Behring Breivik’s testimony should be broadcast live to deter extremism, argues Anne Ardem, executive editor at Norwegian state broadcaster NRK.

					Mapping edits to Wikipedia from Africa
				
Egypt made more edits to Wikipedia than any other African country between 2010 and 2011, according to new research.

					ACTA: Open agreement secretly arrived at?
				
The secretive approach adopted by parties in negotiating the controversial Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement constrained the ability of the public to challenge limits on free expression, writes Graham Reynolds.

					صحافیوں کو پرائیویسی میں مخل ہونے کا خدائی حق حاصل نہیں
				
صحافی جان کیمپفنر کی تنقید کے جواب میں آزادئ اظہار راۓ کے معروف ماہر ایرک باریںڈٹ کا برطانوی پارلیمنٹ کی پرائیویسی رپورٹ کا دفاع

					کازبون: مصر کی فوج مخالف مہم
				
ہبہ تعالیٰ طحہ مصر کے کچھ ایسے نوجوانوں کے بارے میں لکھتی ہیں جنہوں نے ٢٠١١ میں شہریوں کے خلاف فوجی تشدد کو ایکسپوز کرنے والی فلمیں دکھائیں.

					German legislation could hinder free flow of information
				
Germany’s draft ancillary copyright bill would force news aggregators such as Google News to pay German publishing houses when linking to news items produced by their newspapers, writes Maximilian Ruhenstroth-Bauer.

					Patriot Act and FISA without end?
				
How the Obama administration continues use of Bush-era powers to suppress legitimate debate about the needs of US national security. By Jeff Howard.

					Free speech at the heart of the Arab Spring – part two
				
In the second part of this panel discussion just off Tahrir Square in Cairo, a panel of bloggers, journalists and human rights experts ask what are – and what should be – the limits to freedom of expression in Egypt today.

					Free speech at the heart of the Arab Spring – part one
				
In this panel discussion just off Tahrir Square in Cairo, a panel of bloggers, journalists and human rights experts ask what are – and what should be – the limits to freedom of expression in Egypt today.

					The Mexican journalist and the ‘alcoholic’ president
				
Mexican journalist Carmen Aristegui was fired for publicly calling on President Felipe Calderón to clarify rumours that he suffered from alcoholism, writes Felipe Correa.

					Rede Globo & the 1989 Brazilian election
				
Beyond Citizen Kane, a documentary on the 1989 Brazilian election, argues that broadcaster Rede Globo manipulated the montage in favour of one of the two remaining candidates, writes Felipe Correa.

					Turkey’s new reform bill
				
The Turkish government has proposed a bill that will suspend all media offences committed before December 2011. But will the draft law actually improve press freedom, asks Funda Ustek.

					پاکستان میں ایک صحافی کی موت
				
القائدہ اور پاکستان کی افواج کے درمیان روابط کے بارے میں ایک رپورٹ چھاپنے کے بعد پاکستانی صحافی سلیم شہزاد کی نعش برآمد ہوئ، ایاز ملک لکھتے ہیں.

					ایک قومی ہیرو کی نجی زندگی
				
ارم کوک اور فنڈا اسٹک ایک ایسی ڈاکومنٹری کے بارے میں لکھتے ہیں جس میں ترکش جمہوریت کے بانی کمال اتاترک کو ایک ‘بدمعاش شرابی’ کے طور پر دکھایا گیا اور جس کو ترکی کے اقدار پر ایک حملے کے طور پر لیا گیا.

					Britain’s proposed celebrity privacy register
				
Lord Justice Leveson’s proposal for a celebrity privacy register that would allow famous individuals to opt out of the media limelight has divided magazine editors, writes Sebastian Huempfer. 

					ترکش صحافی: سک اور سینر
				
فنڈا اسٹک اور ارم کوک دو ممتاز تحققیقاتی صحافیوں کے بارے میں لکھتے ہیں جن کو مارچ ٢٠١١ میں ایک دہشتگرد تنظیم کے ساتھ مبینہ تعلقات کے الزام میں گرفتار کر لیا گیا. جرم ثابت ہو جانے پر اہمت سک اور نیدم سینر کو ١٥ سال تک قید ہو سکتی تھی.

					Is online deletion a virtue or a form of denialism?
				
The first of Free Speech Debate’s monthly podcasts, featuring selected highlights from the site.

					Wenzhou train collision
				
On July 23, 2011, two high-speed trains traveling on the Yongtaiwen railway line collided near the eastern coastal city of Wenzhou killing 40 people and injuring 191. A week later, all traces of the train accident had disappeared from newspaper and television programmes, writes Amy Qin.

					Should Germany have introduced a right to be forgotten?
				
Sebastian Nerz, the chairman of the German Pirate Party talks about ACTA, the right to be forgotten and privacy in Germany.

					جولین اسانگ: ایک صحافی؟
				
٢٠١٠ میں وکی لیکس نے امریکی سٹیٹ ڈپارٹمنٹ کے خفیہ دستاویزات کی پہلی قسط ریلیز کی. کیٹی اینگلھارٹ لکھتی ہیں کے راز فاش کرنے والی اس ویب سائٹ کے بانی جولین اسانگ اگر ایک صحافی ہیں تو ان کو پہلی ترمیم کے تحت حفاظت ہے.

					Max Mosley: What is the difference between privacy and reputation?
				
The former head of Formula One racing’s governing body talks about the difficulty of countering sensational claims made in a globally reported tabloid story.

					اصولوں کو عوامی اداروں کی معلومات پر عوام کے حق کی تائید کرنی چاہیئے
				
اوپن سوسائٹی جسٹس انیشیٹو کی سینئر قانونی افسر سینڈرا کولیور کا کہنا ہے کہ معلومات کے حصول کا حق آزادی اظہار راۓ کے لئے ناگزیر ہے.

					آرٹیکل ١٩: آزادئ اظہار راۓ بین الاقوامی قانون میں مضبوطی سے مربوط ہے
				
جیف ہاورڈ وضاحت کرتا ہے کہ کسی ریاست کا ICCPR کافریق ہونے کا کیا مطلب ہے اور کس طرح افراد آزادئ اظہار راۓ کی خلاف ورزی سے متعلق اقوام متحدہ کی کمیٹی برائے انسانی حقوق میں اپیل دائر کر سکتے ہیں.

					Bioterrorism and bird flu
				
In December 2011, the US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity asked the journals Science and Nature to redact details of a study about an easily transmitted form of the H5N1 virus for fear it could be misused by bioterrorists. Maryam Omidi considers whether the censorship request was valid. 

					We are all journalists now
				
Citizen journalism has transformed the media landscape. Suggest examples of good citizen journalism here. 

					The Israeli whistleblower
				
Israeli whistleblower Anat Kamm leaked 2,000 classified military documents obtained during her service with the Israeli Defence Force. Maryam Omidi discusses the claims of national security versus public interest.

					South Africa’s secrecy bill
				
In November 2011, South Africa’s lower house approved the protection of state information bill – legislation, which if passed can sentence those found guilty to up to 25 years’ imprisonment, writes Maryam Omidi.

					Han Han, the Chinese blogger
				
With a readership of over 300 million, Han Han is one of China’s most influential online personalities. Judith Bruhn looks at his blog as an example of an individual citizen creating more open and diverse media in difficult circumstances.

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