カテゴリー別フィルター 'History' containing 118 ポスト menuキーワードを使ってトピックを探す Academia (1)Access (4)Africa (1)Anonymity (6)Arab Spring (2)Art (8)Atheism (1)Australia (3)Blasphemy (7)Blogger (4)Brazil (2)Burma (1)Canada (2)Celebrity (2)Censorship (17)Charlie Hebdo (1)China (5)Christianity (6)Civility (20)Colonialism (1)Copyright (3)Corruption (1)Defamation (14)Democracy (14)Denialism (2)Discrimination (3)Education (8)Egypt (2)Exclusion (1)Facebook (3)Film (1)France (4)Freedom (18)Genocide (1)Germany (4)Google (2)Governance (4)Hate speech (6)Hinduism (1)History (12)Homosexuality (2)Humour (2)Hungary (1)Hunger strike (1)India (4)Internet (19)Internet companies (1)Islam (6)Japan (2)Journalism (11)Knowledge (14)Language (4)Latin America (3)Law (27)Lese majesty (1)Liberalism (6)Libya (1)Literature (2)Media (22)Memory laws (1)Middle East (3)Minorities (1)Money (6)Morality (3)Multiculturalism (4)National security (11)Net neutrality (8)New Zealand (1)Nudity (2)Occupy movement (1)Pakistan (1)Piracy (1)Politics (18)Pornography (5)Power (21)Privacy (15)Protest (8)Public Morality (8)Radio (1)Regulation (1)Religion (12)Reputation (11)Right to information (23)Satire (7)Science (4)Scientology (1)Secrecy (1)Social media (7)South Africa (3)Southeast Asia (1)Surveillance (2)Technology (14)Terrorism (2)Thailand (1)Turkey (3)Twitter (5)United Kingdom (9)United States (6)Violence (13)Whistleblowing (2)Wikipedia (1) Peeing on Pétain Eric Heinze examines the boundary between civil disobedience and desecration. Should governments butt out of history? Eric Heinze examines how states limit speech in order to control public awareness about the past. ‘Lenin-fall’: free speech and the politics of memory in Ukraine O.T. Jones argues that the Ukrainian state should not restrict open historical debate but use its ‘expressive’ powers to foster a nuanced understanding of the past. Law and historical memory: theorising the discipline Free expression should not be considered as ‘just another’ human right. Any truly participatory political system cannot exist without it nor any legal system linked to such politics, argues Eric Heinze. In defence of Europe’s memory laws There are two exceptional cases in which memory laws protect free speech, argue Grażyna Baranowska and Anna Wójcik. Free speech debates are more than ‘radicals’ vs ‘liberals’ Eric Heinze argues that the radicals and liberal grounds for free speech are not mutually exclusive. What next for Rhodes Must Fall? Free Speech Debate organised a panel discussion on the Rhodes Must Fall campaign and its future. In this video and its highlights, panelists debate the range of issues surrounding the campaign and its impact on free speech. Panelists include Dr David Johnson, Professor David Priestland, Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh and Monica Richter. When is speech dangerous? Jonathan Leader Maynard examines the difficulties in assessing and managing the role of speech in violence. ‘Oxford University has no regard for black life’ Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh argues that Oxford has shown itself to have no regard for black life in its decision not to remove the statue of Cecil Rhodes. Cecil Rhodes in Oxford: from unnoticed statue to political scapegoat Monica Richter argues that the inward looking Rhodes Must Fall campaign detracts from greater issues of social justice. フランスは言論の自由(free speech)に対して矛盾な態度をとっているか？ チャーリー・へブドのテロ事件に次いで、アーサー・アセラフ氏がアルジェリアにおけるフランス植民地支配のダブル・スタンダードについて語る Clueless in Gaza: Western media and the Arab-Israeli conflict John Lloyd explores the history and weakness of Western media coverage, and suggests one way it could be improved. A new initiative to defend free speech in India Hartosh Bal explains the role of the new Freedom Trust in the context of India’s media environment, and how they hope to defend freedom of expression. Salman Rushdie: What have been the most important changes to free speech in the last 25 years? 25 years after the fatwa and the fall of the Berlin Wall, Salman Rushdie discusses with Timothy Garton Ash whether there is now more or less freedom of expression in Europe, worrying developments in India and his critical view of Edward Snowden. Should Europe introduce a right to blasphemy? Alain Bouldoires talks to Timothy Garton Ash about the survival of blasphemy laws in Europe, and calls for a ‘right to blaspheme’. EU versus intellectual freedom? In a bid to synchronise hate crimes, the EU is seeking unity amongst members states against the denial of historical injustices. Is this the EU versus member states’ appreciation of intellectual freedom? Luigi Cajani explains. The world through the eyes of Russian state television Robert Coalson looks at how Russian television depicts everything from the crisis in Ukraine to the war in Syria. The long struggle to bury speech crimes in the English-speaking world Anthony Lester and Zoe McCallum look at how the ghost of the English Court of the Star Chamber has been used to suppress free speech. Ann Wright: Is secrecy necessary for peace and diplomacy? Former US Diplomat Ann Wright speaks to Kim Wilkinson on the need for whistleblowers and institutions like WikiLeaks, but stresses that in some instances secrecy is necessary, such as in peace-making negotiations. The importance of speaking Catalan Pere Vilanova reflects on his personal experience of learning his ‘native’ tongue – as a third language. ‘They used the oven to get tanned, you know…’ Marc-Antoine Dilhac recounts how he confronted anti-semitic prejudice in a French classroom, and argues that more good comes from an open debate about hate speech than from banning it. Germans are not especially concerned about privacy and sovereignty Nazi past? Stasi past? Sebastian Huempfer challenges the conventional explanations for Germany’s strong reaction to Edward Snowden’s revelations about NSA snooping. What does George Orwell mean to people in Burma? At the 2013 Irrawaddy Literary Festival, Burmese writers including Pascal Khoo Thwe and blogpoet Pandora talk about George Orwell in the country where he was once an imperial policeman. Why the US needs more open debate about its failures on race Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington must be the beginning of the discussion of race, not the end. Bassam Gergi discusses why the depoliticisation of race in the US is problematic and only open debate can lead to progress. Why shouldn’t a Hungarian historian call Jobbik “neo-nazi”? Tamás Szigeti explores the asymmetric narrowing of free speech in Hungary. The difference between genocide and crimes against humanity We regularly highlight comments that have made an impression on us. Antoon de Baets left an insightful response to Josie Appleton’s discussion of memory laws in France. When does hate speech become dangerous speech? Consider Kenya and Rwanda The forthcoming trial of Kenyan broadcaster Joshua Arap Sang poses vital questions about the connections between words and violence, argues Katherine Bruce-Lockhart. Taming the gods: How should we deal with religious threats to free speech? At the 2013 Jaipur Festival, Ian Buruma, Reza Aslan, Ahdaf Souief and Timothy Garton Ash, in conversation with Shoma Chaudhury, talk about the relationship between religion and politics and how to deal with religious threats to free speech. Freedom for history? The case against memory laws Josie Appleton talks to Pierre Nora and Olivier Salvatori of the Liberté pour l’Histoire initiative in France. How has the internet changed the relationship between the writer and the state? The relationship between writers and the state is complex, multifaceted and changing. At the Jaipur Literature Festival 2013 a panel of experts explores some of the issues faced by writers around the world. 自由の実践 ミャンマー（ビルマ）の民主化運動指導者アウンサンスーチー氏は「言論の自由」の重要性を強調しつつ、仏教思想に基づく 「正しい発言」について主張します。 War is not cricket! An Indian and a Pakistani student at Oxford reflect on how their countries covered the same story in their own ways. By Zahra Shah and Debanshu Mukherjee. The future of free speech Human Rights activist Aryeh Neier speaks about the future of free speech. 殺人者はその名を人目にさらされない権利を持ちうるか？ 2008年、二人の有罪判決を受けた殺人犯は、ドイツの法律に基づいてウィキペディアや他のオンラインメディアに対して自分たちの名前の削除を求めました。個人のプライバシーは、市民の知る権利よりも優先されているのでしょうか？ Egypt’s one-way traffic in books Historian Khaled Fahmy describes how historic Egyptian books are more easily found in Western than in Egyptian libraries – and how a scholarly history of the Middle East was recently banned from entering Egypt. Why the EU’s “harmonisation machine” should stay away from history Claus Leggewie and Horst Meier explain why memory laws are the wrong way for Europeans to remember and debate their difficult pasts. パロディとしてのヒトラーの『わが闘争』（”Mein Kampf”） ドイツ人のコメディアン、セルダール・ソムンツ(Serdar Somuncu)さんが、ヒトラー著の『わが闘争』から引用して暗唱朗読し、ヒトラーの繰り広げたプロパガンダの不合理さを証明する。 日本の新しい歴史教科書問題 帝国主義時代の侵略に対して肯定的な日本の歴史教科書は国内外で論争を呼びました。 ドイツ法は情報の自由な流れを妨げるかもしれない ドイツの著作権付帯草案はGoogle Newsなどのニュースアグリゲーターが新聞のニュース記事へリンクを張った場合ドイツの出版会社への支払いを強いようとしているとMaximilian Ruhenstroth-Bauerが伝えます。 Japan: Korean ‘comfort women’ photo exhibit sabotaged A South Korean photographer explains his ordeal in holding an exhibition in Japan that documents ageing ‘Comfort Women’, writes Lee Yoo Eun. How should publishers respond to protests for and against the publication of the same essay? In 2011, three Indian scholars called on OUP India to re-publish an essay which had been denounced by Hindu extremists. Less than two weeks later, the publisher reversed its earlier decision not to re-publish. The vital presence of the past History is a sensitive issue in China with some of it desperately remembered and some, deliberately forgotten, writes Judith Bruhn. Free speech in Turkey & the world – part two Historian Halil Berktay discusses the denial by the Turkish state that the mass murders of hundreds of thousands of Armenians in 1915 constituted a genocide. Free speech in Turkey & the world – part one In the first past of this debate, research fellow Kerem Öktem argues that an individual’s understanding of free speech is shaped by their personal history and geography. Hasan Cemal: Freedom of expression in Turkey From communism to Kurdish separatism, the Turkish state has used a series of pretexts to deny freedom of expression to its citizens, says journalist Hasan Cemal. 国家機密扱いになった歴史：Xu Zerongの場合 2002年歴史学者のXu Zerongは国家機密を流出したとして13年の禁固刑を言い渡されました。流出した資料は、彼が刑罰を言い渡された後に「トップシークレット」として分類されたとことをTimothy Garton Ashが伝えます。 Susan Benesch: What is the difference between hate speech and dangerous speech? Susan Benesch, senior fellow at the World Policy Institute, discusses hate speech and dangerous speech with Timothy Garton Ash How should the law define dangerous speech? A trio of human rights experts elaborate on the definition of dangerous speech and consider how hate speech is protected both in Europe and under the first amendment in the US. Orville Schell: What controls are beneficial to a free society? China’s attempt to both capitalise on and control the internet is “one of the greatest experiments” in the country’s history, says Orville Schell of the Asia Society. トルコでのユーチューブ トルコでは、近代民主国家としての同国の建国者であるMustafa Kemal アタテュルク、または『トルコらしさ』を侮辱している動画があるという理由でユーチューブが３年間にわたり禁止されていました。このことについて、以下Funda UstekとIrem Kokが書きます。 Is criminalisation an effective way of eradicating fascism? The co-chair of the German Green Party tells Free Speech Debate that fascist ideologies cannot be banned and must be confronted in a democratic way. ―ある国民的英雄の個人生活― イレム・コック (Irem Kok) とフンダ・ウステク (Funda Ustek) によると、トルコ共和国の建国者、ムスタファ・ケマル・アタテュルクを「酔っ払った暴飲暴食者」として描いたドキュメンタリー映画は、「トルコ人アイデンティティー」を傷つけるものらしい。 いかにトルコのタブーは(国民の)未成熟を永続させているか サバンチ大学のAyşe Kadıoğlu教授はトルコで育った経験から、多くが法律によって強制されたタブーが国民を「未成熟な状態」の罠におとしめていると語ります。 Daniel Bell: What would Confucius make of free speech in the internet age? Confucianism’s defence of political speech does not necessarily apply to other forms of expression, says Bell. Timothy Garton Ash at the Brandenburg Gate: Should we all become a bit more German, or not, when it comes to privacy? Speaking at the Brandenburg Gate on the 22nd anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, Timothy Garton Ash, director of Free Speech Debate, discusses the new barriers to information and communication. タイ国王の批判 アメリカのブロガーJoe Gordonは許可されていないタイの国王Bhumibol Adulyadejのバイオグラフィーへのリンクを自分のブログに張ったとして、タイの刑務所で2年半の懲役を言い渡されました。Maryam Omidiによるケースです。 インドの漫画ポルノスター 飽くことを知らない性欲を持つ主婦を題材にしたオンライン漫画Savita Bhabhi禁止の決定を下したインド当局はメディアから批判を受けました。Maryam Omidiがこの決定は正しかったか考えます。
Should governments butt out of history? Eric Heinze examines how states limit speech in order to control public awareness about the past.
‘Lenin-fall’: free speech and the politics of memory in Ukraine O.T. Jones argues that the Ukrainian state should not restrict open historical debate but use its ‘expressive’ powers to foster a nuanced understanding of the past.
Law and historical memory: theorising the discipline Free expression should not be considered as ‘just another’ human right. Any truly participatory political system cannot exist without it nor any legal system linked to such politics, argues Eric Heinze.
In defence of Europe’s memory laws There are two exceptional cases in which memory laws protect free speech, argue Grażyna Baranowska and Anna Wójcik.
Free speech debates are more than ‘radicals’ vs ‘liberals’ Eric Heinze argues that the radicals and liberal grounds for free speech are not mutually exclusive.
What next for Rhodes Must Fall? Free Speech Debate organised a panel discussion on the Rhodes Must Fall campaign and its future. In this video and its highlights, panelists debate the range of issues surrounding the campaign and its impact on free speech. Panelists include Dr David Johnson, Professor David Priestland, Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh and Monica Richter.
When is speech dangerous? Jonathan Leader Maynard examines the difficulties in assessing and managing the role of speech in violence.
‘Oxford University has no regard for black life’ Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh argues that Oxford has shown itself to have no regard for black life in its decision not to remove the statue of Cecil Rhodes.
Cecil Rhodes in Oxford: from unnoticed statue to political scapegoat Monica Richter argues that the inward looking Rhodes Must Fall campaign detracts from greater issues of social justice.
フランスは言論の自由(free speech)に対して矛盾な態度をとっているか？ チャーリー・へブドのテロ事件に次いで、アーサー・アセラフ氏がアルジェリアにおけるフランス植民地支配のダブル・スタンダードについて語る
Clueless in Gaza: Western media and the Arab-Israeli conflict John Lloyd explores the history and weakness of Western media coverage, and suggests one way it could be improved.
A new initiative to defend free speech in India Hartosh Bal explains the role of the new Freedom Trust in the context of India’s media environment, and how they hope to defend freedom of expression.
Salman Rushdie: What have been the most important changes to free speech in the last 25 years? 25 years after the fatwa and the fall of the Berlin Wall, Salman Rushdie discusses with Timothy Garton Ash whether there is now more or less freedom of expression in Europe, worrying developments in India and his critical view of Edward Snowden.
Should Europe introduce a right to blasphemy? Alain Bouldoires talks to Timothy Garton Ash about the survival of blasphemy laws in Europe, and calls for a ‘right to blaspheme’.
EU versus intellectual freedom? In a bid to synchronise hate crimes, the EU is seeking unity amongst members states against the denial of historical injustices. Is this the EU versus member states’ appreciation of intellectual freedom? Luigi Cajani explains.
The world through the eyes of Russian state television Robert Coalson looks at how Russian television depicts everything from the crisis in Ukraine to the war in Syria.
The long struggle to bury speech crimes in the English-speaking world Anthony Lester and Zoe McCallum look at how the ghost of the English Court of the Star Chamber has been used to suppress free speech.
Ann Wright: Is secrecy necessary for peace and diplomacy? Former US Diplomat Ann Wright speaks to Kim Wilkinson on the need for whistleblowers and institutions like WikiLeaks, but stresses that in some instances secrecy is necessary, such as in peace-making negotiations.
The importance of speaking Catalan Pere Vilanova reflects on his personal experience of learning his ‘native’ tongue – as a third language.
‘They used the oven to get tanned, you know…’ Marc-Antoine Dilhac recounts how he confronted anti-semitic prejudice in a French classroom, and argues that more good comes from an open debate about hate speech than from banning it.
Germans are not especially concerned about privacy and sovereignty Nazi past? Stasi past? Sebastian Huempfer challenges the conventional explanations for Germany’s strong reaction to Edward Snowden’s revelations about NSA snooping.
What does George Orwell mean to people in Burma? At the 2013 Irrawaddy Literary Festival, Burmese writers including Pascal Khoo Thwe and blogpoet Pandora talk about George Orwell in the country where he was once an imperial policeman.
Why the US needs more open debate about its failures on race Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington must be the beginning of the discussion of race, not the end. Bassam Gergi discusses why the depoliticisation of race in the US is problematic and only open debate can lead to progress.
Why shouldn’t a Hungarian historian call Jobbik “neo-nazi”? Tamás Szigeti explores the asymmetric narrowing of free speech in Hungary.
The difference between genocide and crimes against humanity We regularly highlight comments that have made an impression on us. Antoon de Baets left an insightful response to Josie Appleton’s discussion of memory laws in France.
When does hate speech become dangerous speech? Consider Kenya and Rwanda The forthcoming trial of Kenyan broadcaster Joshua Arap Sang poses vital questions about the connections between words and violence, argues Katherine Bruce-Lockhart.
Taming the gods: How should we deal with religious threats to free speech? At the 2013 Jaipur Festival, Ian Buruma, Reza Aslan, Ahdaf Souief and Timothy Garton Ash, in conversation with Shoma Chaudhury, talk about the relationship between religion and politics and how to deal with religious threats to free speech.
Freedom for history? The case against memory laws Josie Appleton talks to Pierre Nora and Olivier Salvatori of the Liberté pour l’Histoire initiative in France.
How has the internet changed the relationship between the writer and the state? The relationship between writers and the state is complex, multifaceted and changing. At the Jaipur Literature Festival 2013 a panel of experts explores some of the issues faced by writers around the world.
War is not cricket! An Indian and a Pakistani student at Oxford reflect on how their countries covered the same story in their own ways. By Zahra Shah and Debanshu Mukherjee.
殺人者はその名を人目にさらされない権利を持ちうるか？ 2008年、二人の有罪判決を受けた殺人犯は、ドイツの法律に基づいてウィキペディアや他のオンラインメディアに対して自分たちの名前の削除を求めました。個人のプライバシーは、市民の知る権利よりも優先されているのでしょうか？
Egypt’s one-way traffic in books Historian Khaled Fahmy describes how historic Egyptian books are more easily found in Western than in Egyptian libraries – and how a scholarly history of the Middle East was recently banned from entering Egypt.
Why the EU’s “harmonisation machine” should stay away from history Claus Leggewie and Horst Meier explain why memory laws are the wrong way for Europeans to remember and debate their difficult pasts.
パロディとしてのヒトラーの『わが闘争』（”Mein Kampf”） ドイツ人のコメディアン、セルダール・ソムンツ(Serdar Somuncu)さんが、ヒトラー著の『わが闘争』から引用して暗唱朗読し、ヒトラーの繰り広げたプロパガンダの不合理さを証明する。
ドイツ法は情報の自由な流れを妨げるかもしれない ドイツの著作権付帯草案はGoogle Newsなどのニュースアグリゲーターが新聞のニュース記事へリンクを張った場合ドイツの出版会社への支払いを強いようとしているとMaximilian Ruhenstroth-Bauerが伝えます。
Japan: Korean ‘comfort women’ photo exhibit sabotaged A South Korean photographer explains his ordeal in holding an exhibition in Japan that documents ageing ‘Comfort Women’, writes Lee Yoo Eun.
How should publishers respond to protests for and against the publication of the same essay? In 2011, three Indian scholars called on OUP India to re-publish an essay which had been denounced by Hindu extremists. Less than two weeks later, the publisher reversed its earlier decision not to re-publish.
The vital presence of the past History is a sensitive issue in China with some of it desperately remembered and some, deliberately forgotten, writes Judith Bruhn.
Free speech in Turkey & the world – part two Historian Halil Berktay discusses the denial by the Turkish state that the mass murders of hundreds of thousands of Armenians in 1915 constituted a genocide.
Free speech in Turkey & the world – part one In the first past of this debate, research fellow Kerem Öktem argues that an individual’s understanding of free speech is shaped by their personal history and geography.
Hasan Cemal: Freedom of expression in Turkey From communism to Kurdish separatism, the Turkish state has used a series of pretexts to deny freedom of expression to its citizens, says journalist Hasan Cemal.
国家機密扱いになった歴史：Xu Zerongの場合 2002年歴史学者のXu Zerongは国家機密を流出したとして13年の禁固刑を言い渡されました。流出した資料は、彼が刑罰を言い渡された後に「トップシークレット」として分類されたとことをTimothy Garton Ashが伝えます。
Susan Benesch: What is the difference between hate speech and dangerous speech? Susan Benesch, senior fellow at the World Policy Institute, discusses hate speech and dangerous speech with Timothy Garton Ash
How should the law define dangerous speech? A trio of human rights experts elaborate on the definition of dangerous speech and consider how hate speech is protected both in Europe and under the first amendment in the US.
Orville Schell: What controls are beneficial to a free society? China’s attempt to both capitalise on and control the internet is “one of the greatest experiments” in the country’s history, says Orville Schell of the Asia Society.
トルコでのユーチューブ トルコでは、近代民主国家としての同国の建国者であるMustafa Kemal アタテュルク、または『トルコらしさ』を侮辱している動画があるという理由でユーチューブが３年間にわたり禁止されていました。このことについて、以下Funda UstekとIrem Kokが書きます。
Is criminalisation an effective way of eradicating fascism? The co-chair of the German Green Party tells Free Speech Debate that fascist ideologies cannot be banned and must be confronted in a democratic way.
―ある国民的英雄の個人生活― イレム・コック (Irem Kok) とフンダ・ウステク (Funda Ustek) によると、トルコ共和国の建国者、ムスタファ・ケマル・アタテュルクを「酔っ払った暴飲暴食者」として描いたドキュメンタリー映画は、「トルコ人アイデンティティー」を傷つけるものらしい。
いかにトルコのタブーは(国民の)未成熟を永続させているか サバンチ大学のAyşe Kadıoğlu教授はトルコで育った経験から、多くが法律によって強制されたタブーが国民を「未成熟な状態」の罠におとしめていると語ります。
Daniel Bell: What would Confucius make of free speech in the internet age? Confucianism’s defence of political speech does not necessarily apply to other forms of expression, says Bell.
Timothy Garton Ash at the Brandenburg Gate: Should we all become a bit more German, or not, when it comes to privacy? Speaking at the Brandenburg Gate on the 22nd anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, Timothy Garton Ash, director of Free Speech Debate, discusses the new barriers to information and communication.
タイ国王の批判 アメリカのブロガーJoe Gordonは許可されていないタイの国王Bhumibol Adulyadejのバイオグラフィーへのリンクを自分のブログに張ったとして、タイの刑務所で2年半の懲役を言い渡されました。Maryam Omidiによるケースです。
インドの漫画ポルノスター 飽くことを知らない性欲を持つ主婦を題材にしたオンライン漫画Savita Bhabhi禁止の決定を下したインド当局はメディアから批判を受けました。Maryam Omidiがこの決定は正しかったか考えます。
