سٹیزن یونایٹڈ پر امریکی سپریم کورٹ ایک انتہائی اہم مسئلہ کو اٹھاتا ہے: کیا کاپوریشنوں کے پاس آزادی اظہار راۓ کے ایسے ہی حقوق ہونے چاہیئیں جیسے کے افراد کے پاس شوتے ہیں؟ برائن پیلوٹ اس کیس پر ہمارے لئے روشنی ڈالتے ہیں.
بایپارٹیسن کیمپین ریفارم ایکٹ کے شریک سپانسر دیموکراٹک پارٹی کے سابق سینیٹر رس فینگولڈ نے سپریم کورٹ کے اس فیصلے کو بلکل صحیح طور پر ‘ایک گھناؤنی غلطی’ قرار دیا ہے. آزادی اظہار راۓ پر لکھنے والے نمایاں قانونی فلسفہ دان رونلڈ ڈوورکن کہتے ہیں کہ کارپوریشنوں کی طرف سے بڑھتی ہوئی ایڈورٹزمنٹ عام عوام کا سیاسی شعور بڑھانے کے بجاۓ ان کو گمراہی کی طرف لے جائیں گے. آزادی اظہار راۓ کی ٹیم اصول ١ میں ‘ہم’ کی تعریف صاف الفاظ میں ‘انسانوں’ کے طور پر کرتی ہے. – تنظیموں یا کارپوریشنوں کے طور پر نہیں. کارپوریشنیں انفرادی شہری نہیں ہوتیں؛ یہ گہری جیبوں والے گمنام دیو ہوتے ہیں جن کو آزادی اظہار راۓ کو وہ حقوق ہرگز نہیں حاصل ہونے چاہئے جو کہ افراد کے پاس ہوتے ہیں. فینگولڈ نےپروگریسوس یونایٹڈ نامی ایک نئی تنظیم بنائی ہے جس کا مقصد سیاست میں کارپوریٹ اثر و رسوخ کا مقابلہ کرنا ہے. میں ان کا خیر خواہ ہوں.
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All of you raise interesting and valid points. Dinatee’s idea of a spending cap is a perhaps good one, primarily because this is how things DID work before Citizens United. Troubling developments, like Sheldon Adelson’s recent $10 million contribution to a pro-Romney super-PAC (political action committee), confirm the need for the Citizens United decision to be overturned. Let’s keep a close eye on how super-PAC donations from the super wealthy affect the electoral outcome in November.
http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2012/06/sheldon-adelson-10-million-restore-our-future-super-pac
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This decision absolutely strikes me.
It threatens a principle enshrined in law for many years that corporations, because of their artificial legal nature and special privileges pose a unique threat to American democracy.
One could certainly argue that a corporation that is allowed to free speech has a higher leverage than individuals in regard to power relations. Free speech thus becomes a power question, not a legal one.
The American elections this year will be driven by an influx of unlimited cash from super-rich Americans and shadowy campaign organisations (super-PACS) that can hide their donors.
Is that what can be understood as free speech?
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I wonder if there is a middle ground that would be more appropriate to look into… maybe a cap or a provision that takes into account the organization’s mission (that seems like a legal nightmare, but still…). I admittedly have very rudimentary knowledge of the case, but to me things seem a little less black and white.
For example, while I do not agree that large corporations should have the power to trump individuals, I also believe that there are a lot of NGOs and, dare I say it, lobbyist organizations who serve as a representative of many whose voices wouldn’t be heard otherwise.
What I mean to say is, if we only allow individuals to contribute monetarily, then doesn’t that just mean that the wealthiest of individuals can similarly shut out those of us average or below average citizens who would also like to through our support for a certain candidate who may better protect our rights and freedoms as we see it? Don’t some (admittedly a minority) of these organizations bring organization, expertise, and money to stand up for things like women’s rights (how many men are millionaires compared to women), minority rights (same argument), etc?
I hope this comment doesn’t seem ridiculous as, again, I know little about the case. But I enjoy hearing different opinions and would love to learn more (which is another way of saying this website is awesome)!
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typo: "…below average citizens who would also like to express our speech freely through our support for a certain candidate who…”
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A corporate body is inanimate therefore cannot possibly have right to free speech which by definition belongs only to humans. However nothing prevents employees of such bodies from speaking about their needs which must not ever superceed human rights, which I suggest is what led to the Bophal disaster in India with the loss of human lives and health. It is right and necessary for Corporations to express views but I suggest to protect the rights of those standing against claimed rights of such powerful bodies they should be provided with equal funding by them to make for a level field of play the cost of which no doubt would be offset against tax so justice could not only be done but seen to be. How different it would have been then for the people in India had such a law been in place at that time would it not?
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Corporation , though not individuals do play an important role in society in every possible way. Lets take the example of Google and social media like Facebook and Twitter and how has it changed the face of society. These so-called corporations would are responsible for providing a platform for the Arab spring and have provided a voice to the grieving masses which were ignored by the nations. I however also agree with Brian that corporations can mislead the public but this argument can also be used for general current media which has biased views ( like Fox News which has a open conservative agenda) but then why are there no restrictions on them. Inspite of limiting the voice of corporations we should provide regulators that would ban and penalize any forms of false propaganda. Stopping corporations from expressing their message will only lead them to employ illegal means of getting their message to the people by bribing senators and other public celebrities. This attitude can be more dangerous for a democracy and defeats the idea of free speech. Hence , giving corporations a voice is essential for a progressive democracy.
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Who decides if ‘Propaganda’ is false?
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Such freedom of expression should be limited to individuals within corporations having the right to express their own views